Ã¥¼Ò°³
¡ºÁ¤º¸°ü¸®±â¼ú»ç & ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛÀÀ¿ë±â¼ú»ç Vol.1 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±¸Á¶¡» ´Â ÀúÀÚ°¡ Çпø ÇöÀå ¹× ¸àÅ丵 ÁøÇà °úÁ¤¿¡¼ °æÇèÇÏ°í ½ÀµæÇÑ ³»¿ëµéÀ» ´ä¾È ÇüÅ·ΠÀÛ¼ºÇÑ µµ¼·Î, ITºÐ¾ß ±â¼ú»çÀÎ Á¤º¸°ü¸®±â¼ú»ç¿Í ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛÀÀ¿ë±â¼ú»ç ÀÚ°Ý ÃëµæÀ» Èñ¸ÁÇÏ´Â ÇнÀÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Á¦À۵Ǿú´Ù. º»¼´Â ÀúÀÚÀÇ ½Ç¹« °³¹ßÀÚ °æÇèÀ» »ì·Á ÀÛ¼ºµÈ ¹ßÀü µ¿Çâ, ¹è°æ ±×¸®°í À¯»ç ±â¼ú°úÀÇ ºñ±³, ´Ù¾çÇÑ µµ½ÄÈ µîÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¼ö·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î ÀúÀÚÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÑ °æÇèÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» ÅëÇØ ÇнÀÀÚµéÀÌ º¸´Ù ¼Õ½¬¿î ÀÌÇظ¦ ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î µµ¿òÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀúÀÚ¼Ò°³
¼º±Õ°ü´ëÇб³ Á¤º¸Åë½Å´ëÇпø Á¤º¸º¸È£Çаú Á¹¾÷(°øÇм®»ç)
»ï¼ºÀüÀÚ ¼±ÀÓ/Ã¥ÀÓ ¿¬±¸¿ø
µµ½Ã¹Ù »ï¼º ½ºÅ丮Áö Å×Å©³î·¯Áö ÄÚ¸®¾Æ(ÁÖ) ¼ö¼®¿¬±¸¿ø
ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛÀÀ¿ë ±â¼ú»ç, Á¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼ö¼®°¨¸®¿ø, Á¤º¸Åë½Å Ư±Þ±â¼úÀÚ
°úÇбâ¼úÁ¤º¸Åë½ÅºÎ IT ¸àÅä
µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°ü¸®ÀÎÁõ½É»ç¿ø(DQC-M)
ùÛ(ÇÑ)¡¤ìí(ÀÏ)±â¼ú»ç ±³·ùȸ À§¿ø
http://cafe.naver.com/96starpe ¿î¿µÀÚ
¸ñÂ÷
Part 1. CPU(Central Processing Unit)1. ComputerÀÇ 5´ë ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò2. Computer SystemÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¿Í ¹ßÀü ¹æÇâ3. Stored Program Computer °³³äÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÑ Æù³ëÀ̸¸ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ(Von Neumann Computer) ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡°ú ¹®Á¦Á¡, ÇØ°á¹æ¾È(Harvard ±¸Á¶¿Í ºñ±³)4. Æù³ëÀ̸¸(Von Neumann)°ú ÇϹٵå(Havard) ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ±¸Á¶5. CPU(Central Processing Unit)6. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¸í·É¾î ÁýÇÕÀÎ CISC¿Í RISC7. ¾Æ·¡ ¿¬»êÀ» CISC¿Í RISC ¸í·É¾î ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬»êÇÏ´Â ¿¹¸¦ µé°í CISC¿Í RISC¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñ±³X=(A£«B)¡¿(C£«D)8. CPU ¸í·É¾î Çü½ÄÀÇ À¯Çü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í »ê¼ú½Ä Y£½A¡¿(B£«C)¿¡ ´ëÇØ 0 ÁÖ¼Ò, 1 ÁÖ¼Ò, 2 ÁÖ¼Ò, 3 ÁÖ¼Ò ¸í·É ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¾Æ·¡ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ±â¼úÇϽÿÀ. (PUSH, POP, MUL, ADD, LOAD, STORE, MOV ¸í·É)9. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ System Bus10. CPI(Clock Per Instruction) °³³äÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í Processor ¼º´É Çâ»ó ¹æ¾È11. CPU¸í·É¾î »çÀÌŬ(Cycle)12. CPU Major State 13. CPUÀÇ Major State¸¦ FlowchartÈ ÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.14. ¸í·É¾î ÁýÇÕ±¸Á¶(ISA)15. ¾Æ·¡ ADD(µ¡¼À) ¸í·É¾îÀÇ CPU ½ÇÇà »çÀÌŬ(Execution Cycle)µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.ADD addr(ÁÖ¼Ò) ¸í·É¾î16. CPUÀÇ ¸í·É¾î ÀÎÃâ »çÀÌŬ(Fetch Cycle)µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ(IF: Instruction Fetch) 17. ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®(Interrupt) CycleÀÌ Ãß°¡µÈ ¸í·É¾î »çÀÌŬ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.18. ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)19. Á¦¾îÀ¯´ÏÆ®(Control Unit)ÀÇ ±¸¼º°ú ±¸Çö¹æ¹ý20. °íÁ¤ ¹è¼±(Hard wired)¹æ½Ä°ú Micro-Programming ¹æ½Ä21. Á¦¾î ½ÅÈ£ »ý¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼öÁ÷Àû, ¼öÆòÀû ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö22. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¸ÞÀκ¸µå(Main Board)¿¡¼ÀÇ North Bridge¿Í South Bridge23. Multi-Core °£ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ±â¼ú ¹ßÀü°ú CPU¿Í ÁÖº¯ÀåÄ¡ °£ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ Çʿ伺 24. CPU RegisterÀÇ Á¾·ù¸¦ µé°í ±â´ÉÀ» ¼³¸íPart 2. Memory25. ¸Þ¸ð¸® °èÃþ±¸Á¶(Memory Hierarchy)26. ¸Þ¸ð¸® °èÃþ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ ij½Ã(Cache)¸Þ¸ð¸®(Memory)ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °³³äÀ» ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.27. ¸Þ¸ð¸® °èÃþ±¸Á¶(Memory Hierarchy)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇÏ°í Cache Memory¿Í Virtual(°¡»ó) Memory ºñ±³28. Cache Flush, Cache Clean, Cache Invalidate29. ¸Þ¸ð¸®(Memory) º´¸ñ(Bottleneck)Çö»ó ÃÖ¼ÒÈ ¹æ¾È¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.30. Flash Memory¸¦ RAM°ú EEPROM°ú ºñ±³31. PRAM(Phase Change Memory RAM)32. MMU(Memory Management Unit)33. TLB(Translation Look Aside Buffer)34. Memory ÀÎÅ͸®ºù(Interleaving)35. RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disks)36. SRAM°ú DRAM¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÏ°í DDR SDRAMÀÇ Çٽɱâ¼ú37. NAND Flash¿¡¼ Write(¾²±â), Read(Àбâ), Erase(»èÁ¦) °úÁ¤À» »ó¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.38. Flash ROMÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö, Read, Eraseµ¿ÀÛÀ» ¼³¸í, NOR¿Í NAND FlashÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡39. ROMÀÇ Á¾·ù ¹× Ư¡ 40. FTL(Flash Translation Layer)ÀÇ °³³ä Çʿ伺 µ¿ÀÛ¹æ¹ý, Mapping ¹æ¹ý41. Flash Memory ŸÀÔ(Type)¿¡´Â SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í Ư¡À» ºñ±³ÇϽÿÀ. 42. FTL(Flash Translation Layer)±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.43. FTL(Flash Translation Layer)ÀÇ Çٽɱâ¼úÀÎ Wear Leveling, Garbage Collection, Over Provision, NCQ(Native Command Queuing), TRIM µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¢°¢ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. 44. SSD(Solid State Device)45. SSD(Solid State Device)¿Í HDD(Hard Disk Drive) Â÷ÀÌÁ¡46. CPU °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ÁÖ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access TimeÀÌ 400nsÀÌ°í Cache Access TimeÀÌ 50nsÀÏ ¶§ ij½¬ÀÇ ÀûÁß·üÀÌ 90%¶ó¸é Æò±Õ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access TimeÀº ¸î nsÀΰ¡?47. µÎ °èÃþÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ù ¹ø° °èÃþÀÇ ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ ¾×¼¼½º ½Ã°£ÀÌ 40nsÀÌ°í µÎ ¹ø° °èÃþÀÇ ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ ¾×¼¼½º ½Ã°£Àº 400nsÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ 2°¡Áö Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇϽÿÀ.¹®1) ù ¹ø° °èÃþÀÇ ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀûÁß·üÀÌ 90%ÀÏ ¶§ Æò±Õ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ ¾×¼¼½º ½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇϽÿÀ.¹®2) ù ¹ø° °èÃþÀÇ ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀûÁß·üÀÌ 0%ºÎÅÍ 20% °£°ÝÀ¸·Î 100%±îÁö º¯ÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ Æò±Õ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ ¾×¼¼½º ½Ã°£µéÀ» ±¸ÇÏ¿© ±×·¡ÇÁ¸¦ ±×¸®°í °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ. ´Ü, ±×·¡ÇÁÀÇ xÃàÀº ÀûÁß·ü, yÃàÀº ¾×¼¼½º ½Ã°£À¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù.48. ¾Æ·¡ 3°³ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´äº¯ÇϽÿÀ.¹®1) ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛ¿¡ µð½ºÅ© ij½¬¸¦ µµÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Æò±Õ µð½ºÅ© ¾×¼¼½º ½Ã°£ÀÌ 20ms¿¡¼ 8.3ms·Î °¨¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù. µð½ºÅ© ij½¬ÀÇ ÀûÁß·ü(Hit Ratio)ÀÌ 60%¶ó¸é µð½ºÅ© ij½¬ÀÇ Access TimeÀº ¾ó¸¶Àΰ¡?¹®2) ÁÖ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access TimeÀÌ 300ns, ij½¬(Cache) ¾×¼¼½º ŸÀÔÀÌ 60nsÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access°¡ 1000¹ø ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ÁßÀÇ 60%´Â Àб⵿ÀÛÀÌ°í 40%´Â ¾²±âµ¿ÀÛÀÌ¿´À¸¸ç Æò±ÕÀûÁß·üÀº 80%¿´´Ù. Cache Write Á¤Ã¥ÀÎ Write-Through¿Í Write-Back ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼ °¢°¢ÀÇ Æò±Õ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access TimeÀ» ±¸ÇϽÿÀ.¹®3) µÎ °èÃþÀÇ Cache¸¦ °¡Áø ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ù ¹ø° °èÃþÀÇ CacheÀÎ L1ÀÇ Access TimeÀº 25ns, µÎ ¹ø° °èÃþÀÇ Ä³½¬ÀÎ L2ÀÇ Access TimeÀº 80nsÀÌ°í ÁÖ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access TimeÀº 250nsÀÌ´Ù. L1 ÀûÁß·üÀÌ 75%ÀÌ°í L2ÀÇ ÀûÁß·üÀº 90%ÀÏ ¶§ Æò±Õ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡ Access TimeÀ» ±¸ÇϽÿÀ.Part 3. º´·Ä ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ49. ¸í·É¾î ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÌ´×(Pipelining)50. Superscalar¿Í VLIW(very Long Instruct51. EPIC(Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing)52. ¸í·É¾î ¼öÁØ º´·Ä¼º(ILP)Â÷¿ø¿¡¼ ½´ÆÛ½ºÄ®¶ó(Superscalar), VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word), ½´ÆÛÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎ(Superpipeline)ÀÇ °³³ä°ú Ư¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.53. º´·ÄÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÌ´×°ú º¤ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½Ì(1±³½Ã)54. 4´Ü°è ¸í·É¾î ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÌ´×(Pipelining)55. º´·ÄÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÌ´×°ú º¤ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½Ì¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñ±³ ºÐ¼®(2±³½Ã)56. ¸í·É¾î ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎÀÇ ÇØÀúµå(Hazard) ¹ß»ý À¯Çü 3°¡ÁöÀÇ ¿øÀÎ, ÇØ°áÃ¥57. 2´Ü°è, 4´Ü°è 6´Ü°è ¸í·É¾î ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎ, Data ÇØÀúµå(Hazard)ÀÇ ¹ß»ý ¿øÀΰú ÇØ°á ¹æ¾È58. º´·ÄÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ À§ÇÑ SMP, MPP, NUMA59. º´·Äó¸®(Parallel Processing), ±×·¹ÀÎ(Grain)Part 4. DMA¿Í Interrupt ¹× I/O Interface60. DMA(Direct Memory Access)61. Locality(Áö¿ª¼º) ¿ø¸®¿Í È°¿ë»ç·Ê62. Interrupt ±¸µ¿ I/O. 63. InterruptÀÇ Ã³¸®°úÁ¤°ú Á¾·ù, Interrupt Áßø(Nesting)64. Interrupt¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¿¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®°¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¸¥ ±× ó¸® ¹æ¹ý65. I/O(ÀÔÃâ·Â)¹æ½ÄÀÎ ´ÙÁß Interrupt, Daisy chain ¹æ½Ä, SW(Software) Polling ¹æ½Ä66. RS-232C67. Á÷·Ä(Serial) ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÎ RS-232C, SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface), I2C(Inter Integrated Circuit), IrDA(Infrared Data Association)¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¢°¢ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.68. I2C InterfaceÀÇ Æ¯Â¡°ú µ¿ÀÛ ¼ø¼69. SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)ÀÇ ½ÅÈ£±¸¼º°ú µ¿ÀÛ ¿¹, ±×¸®°í Àå´ÜÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇϽÿÀ.70. IEEE 1394¿Í USB ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º71. DVI¿Í HDMI ±Ô°Ý72. MHL 3.0(Mobile High Definition Link 3.0)73. SATA(Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)74. IEEE 1394¿Í USB75. USB(Universal Serial Bus) 3.0ÀÇ Protocol Stack, ÇÙ½É ±â¼ú, USB2.0°ú ºñ±³76. USB3.0ÀÇ Çٽɱâ¼ú°ú USB2.0°ú ºñ±³77. USB(Universal Serial Bus) 3.178. Thunderbolt ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º(1±³½Ã)79. Thunderbolt ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ¼³¸í(2±³½Ã)80. PCI-Express ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º81. PCI(Peripheral Component Interface)-ExpressÀÇ µîÀå¹è°æ, Protocol Stack, PCI¿Í ºñ±³, º¹¼ö¸µÅ© Àü¼Û¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇϽÿÀ.82. I/O ÁÖ¼Ò ÁöÁ¤(I/O Addressing) ¹æ½Ä83. ¾Æ·¡´Â ÇÁ¸°Æ® I/OÁ¦¾î±â ³»ºÎ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌ´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·¹Áö½ºÅÍ(Printer_Data_Register)¿Í »óÅÂÁ¦¾î·¹Áö½ºÅÍ(Printer_Status_Register)°¡ ÀÖ°í, °¢°¢ 8Bit ·¹Áö½ºÅÍÀÌ¸ç »óÅÂÁ¦¾î·¹Áö½ºÅÍÀÇ Á¦¾îÁ¤º¸´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ ¡®ABCDEF¡¯¶ó´Â 6°³ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ÇÁ¸°Æ®ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Programmed I/O¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í°ú ¾Æ·¡ Programmed I/O¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿ ¾²±â Program ¿¹½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÛ °úÁ¤À» ±â¼úÇϽÿÀ.84. ¾Æ·¡ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡-»ç»ó I/O(Memory Mapped I/O)¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇϽÿÀ.¡´Á¶°Ç¡µ1. Data Register ÁÖ¼Ò : 412¹øÁö2. »óÅÂ/Á¦¾î Register ÁÖ¼Ò : 413¹øÁö3. »óÅ Register ÃÖÇÏÀ§ Bit(b0) : Ready ºñÆ®·Î »ç¿ë4. Á¦¾î Register ÃÖ»óÀ§ Bit(b7) : ÇÁ¸°Æ® ½ÃÀÛ ºñÆ®·Î »ç¿ë85. ¾Æ·¡Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ºÐ¸®Çü I/O(Isolated I/O)¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇϽÿÀ.¡´Á¶°Ç¡µ1. Data Register ÁÖ¼Ò : 412¹øÁö2. »óÅÂ/Á¦¾î Register ÁÖ¼Ò : 413¹øÁö3. »óÅ Register ÃÖÇÏÀ§ Bit(b0) : Ready ºñÆ®·Î »ç¿ë4. Á¦¾î Register ÃÖ»óÀ§ Bit(b7) : ÇÁ¸°Æ® ½ÃÀÛ ºñÆ®·Î »ç¿ëPart 5. ½Å±â¼ú86. SPEC(Standard Performance Evaluation Cooperative)87. Á¤º¸±â¼ú Ãø¸é¿¡¼ UI(User Interface)¿Í UIÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¿ä±¸ º¯È ³»¿ë88. Áõ°Çö½Ç°ú °¡»óÇö½Ç ºñ±³, ¸ð¹ÙÀÏ Áõ°Çö½Ç ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Hardware ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.89. MR(Mixed Reality)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.90. °¡»óÇö½Ç(Virtual Reality)Àº ICT ¹× ÀÎÇÁ¶óÀÇ ¹ß´Þ·Î Áö¼Ó È®»êµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡»óÇö½ÇÀÇ °³³ä, È®»ê¿äÀÎ, »ýÅ°è ÇöȲ ¹× ½Ã»çÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.91. ½º¸¶Æ® ´õ½ºÆ®(Smart Dust)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.92. HDTVÀÇ Æ¯¼º93. SMART TVÀÇ ±â¼ú ¿ä¼Ò94. SCM(Storage Class Memory)95. ÀÎ ¸Þ¸ð¸®(In Memory) Computing¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.96. PM-OLED¿Í AM-OLED97. UHDTV(Ultra HDTV)98. UHDTVÀÇ ¹æ¼Û½Ã½ºÅÛ °³¹ß ¹æ¾È(¹Ìµð¾î ȹµæºÎÅÍ µð½ºÇ÷¹À̱îÁöÀÇ °úÁ¤)99. BYOD(Bring Own Your Device)100. ÅëÇÕ½ºÅ丮Áö(Unified Storage)101. VDI(Virtual Desktop Infrastructure)ÀÇ ±¸¼º°ú ÇÙ½É ±â¼ú ¿ä¼Ò102. OSHW(Open Source Hardware)103. BD(Blu-ray Disc)¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ Contents º¸È£ ±â¼ú 3°¡Áö104. 3DÇÁ¸°ÅÍÀÇ Á¦¾à»çÇ×°ú ÇØ°á¹æ¾È, 3D ÇÁ¸°ÅÍÀÇ È°¿ë ºÐ¾ß105. Wearable ±â±âÀÇ ±¸Çö±â¼ú°ú Smart Watch DeviceÀÇ ±â´É106. Flexible Display À¯Çü°ú ÇÙ½É ±â¼ú107. ¹«¼±Àü·ÂÀü¼Û(WPT: Wireless Power Transfer) ±â¼ú108. Wearable Device¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ¼ö ¹× ¹æÁøÀÇ µî±Þ109. Wearable Device Áß ¹æ¼ö Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ¹æ¼ö ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àû¿ë ±â¼ú110. RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)111. COS(Chip Operating System)112. Smart Phone Sensor113. Simultaneous Multi-Threading114. UI(User Interface)ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû º¯È115. SoC(System On Chip)116. SIP(System In Package)117. Touch ScreenÀÇ ¹æ½Ä ¹× µ¿ÀÛ ¿ø¸®118. Barcode¿Í RFIDÀÇ Àå´ÜÁ¡119. Touch Panel120. MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System)121. VTL(Virtual tape Library)122. BCI(Brain Computer Interface)123. µðÁöÅРȦ·Î±×·¡ÇÈ µð½ºÇ÷¹ÀÌ(Digital Holographic Display)124. Ȧ·Î±×·¡ÇÇ(Holography), Ȧ·Î±×·¥(Hologram)125. DVFS(Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling)126. CPUÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» °¨½ÃÇÏ´Â ¿öÄ¡µ¶ ŸÀ̸Ó(Watchdog Timer)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±â¼úÇÏ°í Çϵå¿þ¾î ±¸Çö ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.127. ¾Æ·¡ System°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ÞÀÎ(Main) CPU¿¡¼´Â ÁÖ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿î¿ë ÁßÀÌ°í º¸Á¶ CPU¿¡¼´Â WatchdogÀÌ ¿î¿ë ÁßÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Á¶ CPU¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÛµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Watchdog TimerÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ°úÁ¤À» ±â¼úÇϽÿÀ.Part 6. ³í¸®È¸·Î128. ³í¸® GateÀÇ Á¾·ù129. MUX(Multiplexer)¿Í DEMUX¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.130. ¹Ð¸®¸Ó½Å(Mealy Machine)°ú ¹«¾î¸Ó½Å(Moore Machine)131. Ä«³ëÇÁ ¸Ê(Karnaugh Map)132. ¼¼ º¯¼ö¸ÊÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½ ºÎ¿ï½Ä °£¼ÒÈ133. ÁÖ¾îÁø ºÎ¿ïÇÔ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ä«³ëÇÁ¸ÊÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© °£¼ÒÈ134. ³í¸®È¸·Î(¼ÒÀÚ)¿¡¼ Setup Time°ú Hold Time135. ³í¸®È¸·Î¿¡¼ Fan-in, Fan-out °³³ä136. Open Collector¿Í Open Drain137. ³í¸®È¸·Î¿¡¼ Ç®¾÷(Pull-Up)°ú Ç®´Ù¿î(Pull-Down) ·¹Áö½ºÅÍ138. CMOS¿Í TTL¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ºñ±³ÇϽÿÀ.139. CMOS¿Í TTLÀÇ ÀâÀ½¿©À¯µµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.140. Á¶ÇÕ³í¸®È¸·Î¿Í ¼øÂ÷³í¸®È¸·Î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸í ¹× ºñ±³141. ³í¸®È¸·Î¿¡¼ Latch¿Í Flip-Flop142. ³í¸®È¸·Î¿¡¼ ·¡Ä¡(Latch)¿Í Çø³Ç÷Ó(Flip-Flop)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.143. Çø³Ç÷Ó(Flip-Flop)ÀÇ 4°¡Áö Á¾·ù¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµ½ÄÈ ÇÑ ÈÄ ¼³¸í144. RS Flip-Flop¿¡¼ R=1, S=1ÀÏ ¶§ ºÒÈ®½Ç ¶Ç´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀÌ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â ¿øÀÎ145. 3»óÅ ¹öÆÛ(Three State Buffer)ÀÇ È°¿ë¹æ¾È146. 3»óÅ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© 2-to-1 MUX ¼³°è147. Á¤Àû-1 ÇØÀúµå(Hazard)ÀÇ ¹ß»ý ¿¹, ¼³¸í, Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý148. RS, JK, D, T Çø³Ç÷ÓÀÇ ¿©±âÇ¥¿Í Ư¼º ¹æÁ¤½Ä149. 16x4 RAM Chip µÎ °³¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ¿© 16¡¿8Bit ȸ·Î¸¦ ±¸¼º150. ÀԷº¯¼ö X,Y,X¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶ÇÕ ³í¸® ȸ·Î ¼³°è (¹®Á¦ ÂüÁ¶)151. ºÎ¿ï´ë¼ö(Boolean Algebra)ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» È°¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ºÎ¿ïÇÔ¼ö¸¦ °£·«ÈÇÏ°í ±¸ÇöµÈ ȸ·Î¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇϽÿÀ.F(A, B, C, D)£½A¡ÇB¡ÇCD£«A¡ÇBCD£«AB¡ÇCD£«ABC¡ÇD£«ABCD152. ºÎ¿ï´ë¼ö(Boolean Algebra)ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» È°¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ºÎ¿ïÇÔ¼ö¸¦ °£·«È ÇϽÿÀ.F(A, B, C, D)£½A¡ÇB¡ÇCD£«A¡ÇBCD£«AB¡ÇCD£«ABC¡ÇD£«ABCD153. F(A, B, C)=¥Ò(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© NAND Gate¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Logic DiagramÀ» µµ½ÄÇϽÿÀ.154. 8bit µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¹ö½º¿Í 14bit ÁÖ¼Ò ¹ö½º·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ Micro-System ȸ·Î ±¸Çö(¹®Á¦ ÂüÁ¶) 155. Positive Edge Triggered J-K Flip-FlopÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »óÅ ¼øÂ÷ 000, 001, 011, 100À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Â µ¿±â½Ä Counter¸¦ ¼³°èÇϽÿÀ. (´Ü, 3»óÅ 101, 110, 111ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½ »óÅ¿¡¼ 000ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.)156. J-K Flip FlopÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾Æ·¡ 3-Bit 2Áø Counter¸¦ ¼³°èÇϽÿÀ.157. JK Flip FlopÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â »óŵµ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Counter ȸ·Î¸¦ ¼³°èÇϽÿÀ(¹Ì»ç¿ë »óÅÂÀÎ 010,100»óÅ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â Don¡¯t Care »óÅ·Πó¸®ÇϽÿÀ).158. 8Bit µ¥ÀÌÅÍ(Data) Bus¿Í 16Bit Address Bus·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·ÎÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ±â¾ïÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ȸ·Î¸¦ ¼³°èÇϽÿÀ.¸Þ¸ð¸® ¿ë·® : 1K Byte RAM, 1K Byte ROMÁÖ¼Ò¿µ¿ªÀº RAMÀº 0¹øÁöºÎÅÍ ROMÀº 800H ¹øÁöºÎÅÍ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ Chip(Ĩ)µéÀº 256Bx8Bit RAM, 1KBx8Bit ROMRAMÀÇ Á¦¾î½ÅÈ£´Â RD, WR, CS(Chip Select)ÀÌ°í ROMÀÇ Á¦¾î½ÅÈ£´Â RD, /CSÀÌ´Ù.(¡° / ¡±´Â Active Low ½ÅÈ£ÀÌ°í Ç¥±â°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é Active HighÀÓ)159. Programmable Switch(ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Óºí ½ºÀ§Ä¡)ÀÎ PLA, PAL, CPLD, FPGA¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.160. FPGAÀÇ °³³ä, ±¸¼º ±×¸®°í CPLD¿Í ºñ±³161. ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)ÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¼³°è°úÁ¤, ¼³°è¹æ¹ý·Ð162. Çϵå¿þ¾î(Hardware) ¼³°è ¹æ¹ý Áß¿¡ ÇϳªÀÎ VHDL¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸í163. PLL(Phase Locked Loop)164. Ripple Carry Adderº¸´Ù ºü¸¥ °¡»ê±â 3°¡Áö165. Clock Skew166. Crosstalk Çö»óÀÇ °³³ä, ¿øÀÎ, ÇØ°áÃ¥, »ç·Ê ±×¸®°í ÃÖ±Ù À̽´Part 7. ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ(Computing)167. MTBF, MTTF, MTTR, MTFF¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.168. ¾Ï´Þ(Amdahl¡¯s) ¹ýÄ¢(Law)169. ¾Ï´Þ(Amdahl¡¯s)°ø½ÄÀ» È°¿ëÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼º´ÉÇâ»óµµÀÌ´Ù.½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼º´É Çâ»óµµ=1/(1-P)+(P/S)* P = ¼Óµµ Çâ»ó °¡´É ºÎºÐ, S = ¼ÓµµÇâ»ó¹è¼ö½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼Óµµ Çâ»ó °¡´É ºÎºÐÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°À» ¶§ °¢°¢ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇϽÿÀ.1) CPU Clock Speed¸¦ 2¹è·Î °¡¼ÓÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼º´ÉÇâ»óÀº?2) ºÎµ¿¼Ò¼ö¿¬»ê °¡¼Ó±â¸¦ 2¹è·Î ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼º´ÉÇâ»óÀº?3) ÀÔÃâ·Â(I/O)¼Óµµ¸¦ 2¹è(Áï, BUS ±¸Á¶, ij½¬, µð½ºÅ© µî ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØó¸¦ ÃÖÀûÈ)·Î ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼º´É Çâ»óÀº?4) Network ¼Óµµ¸¦ 2¹è·Î Áõ°¡ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼º´ÉÇâ»óÀº?170. Grid Computing171. Wearable ComputingÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä±â¼ú°ú ÇØ°á°úÁ¦172. ÀÚ°¡ÀûÀÀÇü ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ(Self-Adaptive Computing)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇϽÿÀ.173. ÀÚÀ²ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ(Autonomic Computing)174. Ŭ¶ó¿ìµå ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ(Cloud Computing)175. ¿§Áö ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ(Edge Computing)176. »óȲÀÎ½Ä ÄÄÇ»ÆÃ(Context Aware Computing)177. ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ Æ¯Â¡°ú ¾çÀÚÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿Í ±âÁ¸ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °£ ºñ±³ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.178. ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛÀÇ ¼º´ÉÆò°¡ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϽÿÀ.179. CPU ¼º´ÉÃøÁ¤(CPU Utilization, Throughput, Turnaround Time, Waiting Time, Response Time)180. CPUÀÇ º´Ç༺(Concurrency)°ú º´·Ä¼º(Parallelism)181. GPGPU(General Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Unit)
ÇÑÁÙ ¼Æò